As You Age, What Games are Good for Your Brain?
Most people notice the effects of aging on their brains at some point in life. Over time, your memory may become less reliable and multitasking may seem more difficult. While the brain is not a muscle, health experts at Harvard Medical School emphasize that exercising it regularly may help delay cognitive decline that naturally comes with growing older.
In recent years, particularly as we learn more about dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, many older adults have turned to brain-training games for support. New activities at any age can boost confidence, provide a sense of accomplishment and offer opportunities to socialize. But for older adults, certain games may be particularly effective in supporting cognitive function.
While there's insufficient evidence to declare any single brain game as the ultimate solution, current research highlights some that show promising results:
Computerized Brain Training Games
Digital platforms provide various cognitive exercises specifically designed to stimulate brain functions. Researchers analyzing multiple studies, including those published in Scientific Reports, found that computerized cognitive training can help individuals over age 60 improve specific cognitive abilities, including:
Executive function: planning, attention, multitasking
Processing speed: reaction and understanding of information
Verbal memory: memory for spoken information
Working memory: short-term information recall
However, evidence is inconclusive regarding improvements in spatial cognition or sustained attention. Experts recommend using a variety of cognitive training games to maximize benefits, while also advising moderation to avoid excessive screen time, which could lead to disrupted sleep and eye strain.
Crossword Puzzles
Crossword puzzles have long been recommended by cognitive health experts, including researchers at Columbia University. A recent study published in the scientific journal NEJM Evidence found that individuals over 50 who regularly completed crossword puzzles delayed memory decline by an average of two-and-a-half years compared to non-puzzle users. Even completing puzzles occasionally (i.e., monthly) can positively impact cognitive functions such as memory, attention and focus.
Additionally, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that elderly individuals who engaged in crossword puzzles four days a week had a 47% lower risk of developing dementia compared to those who did puzzles once a week.
Number Puzzles
Number puzzles like Sudoku also show significant promise in supporting cognitive function in older adults. According to studies reviewed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), individuals over age 50 who regularly engaged with Sudoku experienced notable improvements in attention, memory and reasoning skills. The benefits increased with frequency, and regular puzzle players demonstrated cognitive performance comparable to individuals eight years younger.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Video Games
According to NIH research, playing 3D video games also can positively impact older adults' brain health. Games like Super Mario can enhance spatial awareness and memory capabilities, contributing significantly to cognitive health. Participants in one study demonstrated improved recognition memory after just two weeks of gameplay, with continued improvements observed beyond this initial period.
It's essential to understand that brain training alone isn't sufficient to fully protect yourself from cognitive decline. It’s best to combine these mentally stimulating activities with regular physical exercise, healthy nutrition, quality sleep and social engagement.
To explore additional strategies tailored specifically to your cognitive health, consult your primary care physician. Together, you can develop a personalized plan to support and enhance your brain health throughout your life.
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